不同类型堆肥中腐殖酸与富里酸的光谱特性和分子量分布

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2023.0359

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以中药渣(HR)、小麦秸秆(WS)和稻壳(RH)为辅料工业化生产的鸡粪堆肥中的腐殖酸(HA)和富里酸(FA)为研究对象,系统对比分析了不同类型堆肥腐殖质(HSs)的光谱特性和分子量分布。结果表明,3类堆肥中HA的芳香性均高于FA,HR和RH堆肥中HA和FA的芳香化程度均高于WS堆肥。三维荧光区域体积积分结果显示,HA的类腐殖质含量(Ⅲ+Ⅴ,86%~91%)高于FA(56%~64%),而FA的类蛋白物质(Ⅰ+Ⅱ,28%~37%)远高于HA(5%~9%),表明HA具有更高的腐殖化程度和分子量特征;其次,RH和WS堆肥中FA分别含有更多的类富里酸和类腐殖酸,而HR堆肥中FA的类络氨酸组分更多。傅里叶红外光谱分析发现,FA比HA含有更多的酰胺和羧酸,其中HR、WS和RH堆肥中FA分别富含芳香族羧酸、酰胺和多糖结构。元素分析结果显示,与FA相比,堆肥HA具有较高的C/N比和较低的O/C比,表明HA具有更多的不饱和结构,而FA具有更多的含氧官能团。添加不同辅料的堆肥中,WS堆肥HSs的脂肪化程度最高。高效体积排阻色谱结果显示,HA比FA具有更宽的高分子量分布(>2×10⁴ Da),且HA的重均相对分子质量(M_w)和数均相对分子质量(M_n)分别为FA的2.7~3.1倍和1.5~1.6倍,表明HA含有更多的高分子量有机组分和更高的分子量。不同辅料添加对堆肥中HA和FA的分子量具有重要影响,HA和FA的M_n均呈现HR>RH>WS的规律,表明中药渣添加鸡粪堆肥分子量最大,腐熟度最高。总体而言,不同类型堆肥HA和FA的组成和结构表现出一致的差异性,不同辅料添加对同类HA或FA组成和结构影响显著。

关键词: 堆肥, 腐殖酸, 富里酸, 光谱特性, 分子量分布

Abstract: Humic substances (HSs) were separated from the chicken manure compost supplemented with Herb Residue (HR), Wheat Straw (WS) and Rice Husk (RH) as additives, respectively. The HSs were subjected to comprehensive characterization on chemical composition and structures. UV-vis spectra analysis show that all compost-derived humic acid (HA) exhibited stronger aromaticity than folvic acid (FA), with HR-HA and RH- HA displaying more pronounced aromaticity than WS-FA. Regional volume integration of fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectra indicate that HA contained a higher proportion of humic-like substances (Ⅲ+Ⅴ, 86%-91%) than FA (56%-64%), while FA comprised a higher percentage of protein-like substances (Ⅰ+Ⅱ, 28%-37%) than HA (5%-9%). These findings suggest that HA exhibits a higher humification degree and larger molecular weight. In addition, RH-FA and WS-FA were enriched in humic-like acids and fulvic-like acids, respectively, while HR-FA exhibited abundance in tyrosine-like organic compounds. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis reveal that FA contained more amide and carboxylic acid structures than HA. In comparison, HR-FA, WS-FA and RH-FA exhibited a higher content of aromatic carboxylic acid, amide and polysaccharide structures, respectively. Elemental analysis results indicate that HA exhibited a higher C/N ratio and lower O/C ratio than FA, suggesting a higher presence of unsaturated groups in the former and a higher proportion of O-containing groups in the latter. In addition, HSs in WS compost owned a higher aliphatic degree. High performance size exclusion chromatography analysis demonstrates that HA present a broader distribution of high-molecular weight component (>2×10⁴ Da) than FA. Consequently, HA exhibited 2.7-3.1 and 1.5-1.6 times higher Mw and Mn than FA, respectively. The molecular weight distributions of compost HSs varied with different additives. Notably, the Mn of compost HSs followed the order of HR > RH > WS, indicating that HSs in compost with herb residue addition owned the largest molecular weight and humification. In total, the consistent differences in composition and structure were found between HA and FA across different types of organic manure. Moreover, various additives had a significant impact on the composition and structure of same type of manure HSs (i.e., HA or FA).

Key words: compost, humic acid, fulvic acid, spectral characteristics, molecular weight distribution

中图分类号:

S153
X132

陈丹, 程澳, 余旭芳, 纪文超, 刘健健, 王翔, 刘晓龙, 范行军. 不同类型堆肥中腐殖酸与富里酸的光谱特性和分子量分布[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2024, 40(2): 276-284.

CHEN Dan, CHENG Ao, YU Xu-fang, JI Wen-chao, LIU Jian-jian, WANG Xiang, LIU Xiao-long, FAN Xing-jun. Spectral Characteristics and Molecular Weight Distribution of Humic Acid and Fulvic Acid Derived from Different Composts[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2024, 40(2): 276-284.

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