不同焦化厂土壤中多环芳烃污染特征比较研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0478

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究焦化生产对土壤多环芳烃（PAHs）污染规律，采集北京、重庆和太原地区3个焦化厂地块的土壤样品共1 437个，采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）法测定US EPA优先控制的16种PAHs质量含量。结果表明，北京、重庆和太原地区3个焦化厂污染土壤中总多环芳烃（ΣPAHs）质量含量最大值分别为10 647.2、39 332.7和19 381.9 mg·kg^-1，PAHs污染都很严重，其中5环PAHs对ΣPAHs毒性的贡献率最大（63.01%~78.61%）。在垂直方向上，GB 36600-2018《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤风险管控标准》中8种优先管控的PAHs质量含量最大值随着土壤深度的增加而降低，其中，重庆场地土壤中污染物质量含量最大值随着土壤深度增加而减少的降低速率明显低于其他2个场地。同分异构比值法分析结果表明，北京、重庆和太原地区3个焦化厂来源于煤炭燃烧的PAHs占比分别为88.46%~90.38%、83.56%~98.17%和74.56%~92.96%，焦化厂土壤中PAHs仍存在少部分石油泄露、燃烧等污染源。北京、重庆和太原场地8种PAHs超过GB 36600-2018一类、二类管制值的最大比例分别为8.23%、5.18%，15.34%、9.77%及13.72%、8.68%，北京和重庆某焦化厂土壤再开发利用的健康风险更高。研究显示，在0~20 m深度，焦化厂搬迁后其旧址的土壤中依然残留着较高质量含量PAHs，环境风险较高。相似焦化厂场地土壤中PAHs污染特征与其所在区域以及土壤地层分布差异密切相关，地层分布在很大程度上会影响PAHs在土壤中的赋存和迁移，且对高环PAHs的影响相对于低环PAHs较小。该文研究结果可为焦化工业不同污染场所的土壤修复和环境风险评估提供参考。

关键词: 土壤, 焦化厂, 多环芳烃, 污染, 毒性, 健康风险

Abstract: To investigate the soil pollution characteristics caused by coking industry production activities, a total of 1 437 soil samples were collected from three abandoned coking plants in Beijing, Chongqing and Taiyuan, with a maximum sampling depth of 40 m. 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are in the controlling list of US EPA was determined via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The maximum contents of ΣPAHs of the three coking plants were 10 647.2 mg·kg^-1(Beijing), 39 332.7 mg·kg^-1 (Chongqing)and 19 381.9 mg·kg^-1 (Taiyuan) respectively. The results indicate that the soils were severely contaminated by PAHs. Toxic equivalent factors (TEF) show that the carcinogenic high-cyclic PAHs were main toxic substances that accounts for more than 90% of the total toxicity contribution. The maximum concentrations of the eight PAHs, preferentially controlled according to the GB 36600-2018, decreased rapidly with the increase of depth. The decrease rate in the soil in the Chongqing coking plant was significantly lower than that of the other two sites, and this phenomenon was more obviously for high molecular weight PAHs. The PAHs derived from coal combustion in the three coking plants accounted for 88.46%-90.38% (Beijing), 83.56%-98.17% (Chongqing) and 74.56%-92.96% (Taiyuan), respectively. The PAHs pollution sources in the soil of the coking plants still exist and include a small part of oil spills and burning. Among the three sites, the maximum proportions of 8 kinds of pollutants, which exceeded the national first-class and second-class control values, are 8.23% and 5.18% (Beijing), 15.34% and 9.77% (Chongqing), and 13.72% and 8.68% (Taiyuan). In addition, the risk levels of the eight PAHs in Beijing and Chongqing were higher than that in Taiyuan. In summary, the results illustrate that the soil of the former coking plants still have high concentration of PAHs in the depth range of 0-20 m. The pollution characteristics of PAHs in the soil of coking plant sites were closely related to the locations and formation conditions. Formation conditions may largely affect the distribution and migration of PAHs in the soil, and the impact on high-ring PAHs were smaller. The results of the study may provide basis for soil remediation and environmental risk assessment of other coke-industry contaminated sites.

Key words: soil, coking plant, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pollution, toxicity, health risk

中图分类号:

X705

钟名誉, 李慧颖, 贾晓洋, 王世杰, 夏天翔. 不同焦化厂土壤中多环芳烃污染特征比较研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(5): 627-635.

ZHONG Ming-yu, LI Hui-ying, JIA Xiao-yang, WANG Shi-jie, XIA Tian-xiang. A Comparative Study on the Pollution Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Soil of Different Coking Plants[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(5): 627-635.

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