典型土壤中微塑料的测定方法研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.1056

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤微塑料污染问题引起广泛关注,由于土壤基质的复杂性,目前尚没有提取土壤中微塑料的标准方法。为探究土壤微塑料提取标准方法,评估前消解、后消解和前后消解3种不同处理方法对红壤、褐土和黑土3种土壤中聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚酰胺树脂(PA)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)和聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)9种类型微塑料的提取效果。结果表明,3种土壤中不同消解处理微塑料总回收率范围在96%~102%之间。综合考虑去除基质效应及对目标物微塑料的破坏程度,最优消解方案为对土壤进行后消解处理;最优土壤微塑料提取方法为基于微塑料分离装置用饱和ZnCl₂溶液进行3次密度浮选,再用5 μm孔径硝酸纤维素滤膜真空抽滤后,用w为30%的H₂O₂在70 ℃条件下消解去除土壤有机质,在消解完成后再次进行真空抽滤,这样可在有效去除土壤有机质的同时提取微塑料。

关键词: 土壤, 微塑料, 回收率, 提取方法

Abstract: Soil microplastic pollution has attracted wide attention. Due to the complexity of soil matrix, there is no standard method for extracting microplastics from soil. In order to explore the standard separation method of soil microplastics, the extraction effects of three different treatment methods of pre-digestion, post-digestion and pre-digestion and post-digestion on polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyamide resin (PA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and polybutylene adipate (PBAT) in red soil, cinnamon soil and black soil were evaluated. The results show that the total recovery rate of microplastics in the three soils ranged from 96% to 102%. Considering the removal of matrix effect and the degree of damage to the target microplastics, the optimal digestion scheme is post-digestion of soil. The optimal soil microplastics extraction method is based on the microplastics separation device with saturated ZnCl₂ solution for 3 times density flotation, and then 5 μm aperture nitrocellulose filter membrane vacuum filtration, using 30% (w) H₂O₂ under the condition of 70 ℃ to digest and remove soil organic matter. After the completion of digestion, vacuum filtration is performed again. The organic matter in the soil can then be effectively removed while extracting microplastics.

Key words: soil, microplastics, rate of recovery, extraction method

中图分类号:

X830.2

李雯星, 吴亚梅, 王康, 陈伟, 田佳宇, 徐笠. 典型土壤中微塑料的测定方法研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(5): 568-575.

LI Wen-xing, WU Ya-mei, WANG Kang, CHEN Wei, TIAN Jia-yu, XU Li. The Method for Determination of Microplastics in Typical Chinese Soils[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(5): 568-575.

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