焦化厂污染土壤中18种PAHs分布特征及健康风险评估

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2023.0347

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究焦化厂土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征及其健康风险,以某焦化厂为目标,布设260个点位,根据各点位污染情况,采集不同深度的土壤样品共780件。通过分析样品中18种PAHs含量,探讨了不同判定标准下厂区土壤中PAHs总体污染程度以及不同功能区污染状况特征,同时根据HJ 25.3-2019《建设用地土壤污染风险评估技术导则》对厂区内18种PAHs进行健康风险评价。结果表明:(1)该焦化厂污染水平较高,且厂区污染在空间上表现出强烈非均质性。厂区内PAHs以2~3环为主,占比为58.82%,4~6环PAHs占比为41.48%。厂区内以苯并［a］芘为基准的6种主要风险PAHs的毒性当量浓度(TEQ_Bap)分布特征与总PAHs(∑₁₈PAHs)含量分布具有一致性。(2)不同功能区表层土壤PAHs含量均值从高到低依次为污水处理区>化产区>焦炉区>锅炉发电厂>煤炭储存区>办公区。不同功能区低环与中高环PAHs含量比值不同,表明各区域污染物来源存在差异。(3)厂区内主要健康风险来源于化合物的致癌风险,不同功能区的致癌风险水平差异较大,污水处理区致癌风险超标倍数及超标率远超化产区及焦炉区。由于苯并［j］荧蒽的加入,PAHs总致癌风险增加0.93%~204.46%,厂区内总致癌风险超标点位增加5个。

关键词: 焦化厂, 污染土壤, 多环芳烃, 分布特征, 健康风险评估

Abstract: To investigate the pollution characteristics and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coke plant soils, this study focused on a coke plant and set up 260 sampling points. A total of 780 soil samples were collected at different depths according to the contamination status of each point. By analyzing the contents of 18 PAHs in the samples, the overall pollution level of PAHs in the soil of the plant area under different determination criteria, and the contamination status and characteristics of different functional areas were discussed. The health risks associated with the 18 PAHs in the plant area were assessed in accordance with the "Technical guidelines for risk assessment of soil contamination of land for construction" (HJ 25.3-2019). Results show that: (1) The pollution level of this coking plant is relatively high, and the pollution in the plant area shows strong heterogeneity in space. The main PAHs in the plant area are 2-3 rings, accounting for 58.82%, while 4-6 rings accounting for 41.18%. The TEQ_Bap distribution characteristics of the six main risk PAHs within the plant are consistent with the content distribution of the total 18 PAHs (∑₁₈PAHs). (2) Among different functional areas, the sewage treatment area has the most severe pollution, followed by the chemical production area, the coke oven area, the boiler power plant area, the coal storage area, and the office area. The ratios of low- and high-ring PAHs in the various functional areas indicate differences in the sources of pollutants in each region. (3) The main health risk in the plant area arises from the carcinogenic risk of the compounds. After quantifying benzo［j］fluoranthene and benzo［k］fluoranthene separately,the total carcinogenic risk of the 18 PAHs increased by 0.93%-204.46%, and the total carcinogenic risk exceeding points of the 18 PAHs in the plant area increased by 5.

Key words: coking plant, contaminated soil, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), distribution characteristics, health risk assessment

中图分类号:

张守文, 李咏梅, 王彩, 李恒宇, 李晨, 徐绍英, 孙宁, 董周宾. 焦化厂污染土壤中18种PAHs分布特征及健康风险评估[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2024, 40(2): 266-275.

ZHANG Shou-wen, LI Yong-mei, WANG Cai, LI Heng-yu, LI Chen, XU Shao-ying, SUN Ning, DONG Zhou-bin. Distribution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of 18 PAHs in a Coking Plant[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2024, 40(2): 266-275.

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