稻田施用农药的地表水暴露评估模型研究进展

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.1047

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水稻种植过程中农药使用品种多，频次高，田水还要定期排入周围水体，因此水稻生产对周围地表水体造成的农药污染风险较高。开展稻田用药风险评估可为农药在稻田使用的环境管理决策提供科学依据。暴露评估是风险评估的关键环节，该文较全面地总结了国际上已开发的农药在稻田施用后地表水农药暴露评估模型，包括美国的RICEWQ、Tier I Rice Model和PFAM模型，欧盟的MED-RICE和SWAGW模型，日本的Aquatic PEC、PADDY系列和PCPF系列模型及中国的TOP-RICE和PRAESS模型平台。介绍了各个模型的开发背景、概念模型与计算公式、输入参数与输出结果、模型特点及应用情况，从模型所属的模拟层次、模型的预测精度及模拟尺度等方面比较了不同模型的差异，并对现有模型的局限性进行分析。在此基础上，提出了未来研究工作的重点:补充完善稻田-地表水暴露评估场景体系，加强模型的验证及不同模型之间预测结果的比较，开展流域大尺度综合模拟模型的开发。

关键词: 农药, 稻田, 地表水, 暴露评估模型

Abstract: Pesticides are applied at high frequency during rice cultivation, and drained into the surrounding water bodies periodically from paddy water. Therefore, pesticide pollution in rice production can cause potential risk to the surrounding surface water. Risk assessment for pesticides used in rice paddy could provide scientific basis for the decision-making of pesticides environmental safety management. Exposure assessment is the key step of risk assessment. The exposure assessment models for pesticides used in paddy fields were summarized in present researches, including RICEWQ, Tier I Rice and PFAM models of the United States, MED-RICE and SWAGW models of the European Union, Aquatic PEC, PADDY model series and PCPF model series of Japan, TOP-RICE and PRAESS models of China, respectively. The background of model development, the conceptual models, the calculation formulas, the input parameters, the output results, and the characteristics and application of models were introduced. Differences of these models were compared from the aspects of simulation level, prediction accuracy and simulation scale. Limitations of existing models have been analyzed. Lastly, key points of future researches are put forward, including to complete and improve the rice-surface water exposure scenario system, to strengthen the validation of models and the comparison of prediction results between different models, and to develop Large-scale watershed integrated simulation models.

Key words: pesticide, rice paddy, surface water, exposure assessment model

中图分类号:

X592

梁艳艳, 周军英, 程燕, 廖建华, 单正军. 稻田施用农药的地表水暴露评估模型研究进展[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(5): 635-644.

LIANG Yan-yan, ZHOU Jun-ying, CHENG Yan, LIAO Jian-hua, SHAN Zheng-jun. Progress on Surface Water Exposure Assessment Models for Pesticides Used in Rice Paddy[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(5): 635-644.

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