硅肥和氮肥配施对优质稻植株养分含量、产量和品质的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0164

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 硅和氮是水稻生长发育过程中起重要作用的营养元素，合理施用硅肥和氮肥对于改善稻田养分管理及提高产量、品质具有重要意义。通过田间试验，研究不同氮肥（120、180和240 kg·hm^-2，分别记作N1、N2和N3）和硅肥（0、225和450 kg·hm^-2，分别记作Si1、Si2和Si3）配施对桂农占和黄华占2个水稻品种植株的营养元素含量、产量构成因素及品质的影响。结果表明，硅氮处理能够显著增加分蘖期、抽穗期2个水稻品种叶片氮含量，在抽穗期N1-Si3处理桂农占和黄华占叶片氮含量比N1-Si1处理分别增加17.0%和44.4%。硅氮处理能够提高抽穗期黄华占叶片磷含量以及2个品种分蘖期和抽穗期Si含量。随着施氮和施硅水平的提高，产量也呈增加趋势，桂农占和黄华占产量分别以N2-Si1和N3-Si3处理为最高，分别达8 188.5和8 260.5 kg·hm^-2。此外，2个水稻品种整精米率均随硅含量增加而升高，而直链淀粉含量呈降低趋势，有助于改善稻米品质。综合研究结果表明，低氮高硅及中氮低硅的配比组合更适合桂农占的生长发育和产量品质的提高。

关键词: 水稻, 硅, 氮, 作物产量, 品质

Abstract: Silicon (Si) and nitrogen (N) play an important role in the growth and development of rice. Appropriate application of silicon and nitrogen fertilizer is of great significance to improve the nutrient management and yield and quality of rice. A field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels (120, 180, 240 kg·hm^-2, respectively, N1, N2, N3) and silicon fertilizer levels (0, 225, 450 kg·hm^-2, respectively, Si1, Si2, Si3) on nutrient element concentrations in leaves, yield components and quality of two rice cultivars Gui-nong-zhan and Huang-hua-zhan. The results show that Si and N fertilizer application could significantly increase nitrogen concentration in rice leaves at tillering stage and heading stage. At heading stage, compared with N1-Si1, N1-Si3 treatment increased nitrogen concentration in leaves of Gui-nong-zhan and Huang-hua-zhan by 17.0% and 44.4%, respectively. Si and N treatment significantly increased phosphorus concentration in leaves of Huang-hua-zhan at heading stage and Si concentration of two cultivars at tillering and heading stages. N and Si fertilizer significantly improved Si concentration in leaves at tillering and heading stage. Higher N and Si fertilization level resulted in higher yield for both cultivars. Treatments of N2-Si1 and N3-Si3 had the highest yield of Gui-nong-zhan and Huang-hua-zhan, which is 8 188.5 and 8 260.5 kg·hm^-2, respectively. Si application improved head rice rate in grains of both cultivars, while reduced amylase content, which is beneficial to rice quality improvement. The above findings suggested that the combination of low N and high Si, or medium N and low Si treatment are appropriate for plant growth, yield and quality improvement of Gui-nong-zhan.

Key words: rice, silicon, nitrogen, crop yield, quality

中图分类号:

S511
S181

潘韬文, 陈俣, 蔡昆争. 硅肥和氮肥配施对优质稻植株养分含量、产量和品质的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(1): 120-126.

PAN Tao-wen, CHEN Yu, CAI Kun-zheng. Effect of Nitrogen and Silicon Fertilizer on Plant Nutrient Content, Yield and Quality of High Quality Rice[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(1): 120-126.

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