畜禽养殖氨排放系数监测布点方法研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0315

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 第二次全国污染源普查首次将畜禽养殖氨作为农业源污染物纳入普查内容，但由于中国畜禽养殖氨排放控制工作起步较晚，缺乏基于中国畜牧业生产特性的氨排放系数。基于精准化管理原则，在深入分析畜禽氨排放关键影响因素的基础上，结合我国畜牧业生产实际，借鉴第一次污染源普查畜禽养殖业污染源排放系数工作经验，研究设计了基于养殖模式和氨排放节点的系数结构，提出了基于县（区）尺度既满足地理分区要求又满足气候分区要求的氨排放系数监测布点方法，建立了单位标准畜禽排放系数监测率定方法并加以应用。通过应用发现该方法既体现了全国各大区内部不同区域的排放差异，又消除了不同大区相邻县（区）系数差距较大的问题，同时也简化了报表设计和系数手册使用过程，有效提升氨排放核算精度，可为第二次全国污染源普查畜禽氨排放系数监测工作提供有效的技术支持。

关键词: 污染源普查, 畜禽氨排放, 氨排放系数, 系数结构, 监测布点

Abstract: Ammonia from livestock and poultry farming is included in the second national census of pollution sources as an agricultural pollutant for the first time. However, due to the late start of ammonia emission control in livestock and poultry breeding, the ammonia emission coefficient has not been determined according to the characteristics of livestock production in China. Based on the principle of precise management and comprehensive summary for the work experience of the first time pollution census of livestock and poultry breeding pollution emission coefficient, it puts forward structure and type of livestock farming ammonia emission coefficient, as well as the layout and methods of field monitoring points. At the same time, on the basis of China's animal husbandry production and the key factors influencing the in-depth analysis of livestock and poultry ammonia emissions, it puts forward the idea for monitoring the ammonia emission coefficient distribution which meets the requirements of both geographical division and climatic division, and establishes the monitoring calibration method of livestock and poultry emission coefficient per unit standard for the first time. This method not only reflects the emission differences of different regions within each district, but improves the spatial resolution of the coefficient, eliminates the problem of large coefficient difference between adjacent districts and counties in different regions, simplifies the report design, improves the accuracy of ammonia emission accounting effectively, and can provide effective technical support for the monitoring of ammonia emission coefficient of livestock and poultry in the second national census of pollution sources.

Key words: national census of pollution sources, ammonia emission from livestock and poultry, ammonia emission coefficient, coefficient structure, monitoring point

中图分类号:

王文林, 刘波, 贺德春, 韩宇捷, 杜薇, 童仪, 李文静, 施常洁, 戴铄蕴, 田媛, 刘亚丽, 罗丹, 罗开洪, 吴根义. 畜禽养殖氨排放系数监测布点方法研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(9): 1226-1232.

WANG Wen-lin, LIU Bo, HE De-chun, HAN Yu-jie, DU Wei, TONG Yi, LI Wen-jing, SHI Chang-jie, DAI Shuo-yun, TIAN Yuan, LIU Ya-li, LUO Dan, LUO Kai-hong, WU Gen-yi. The Ideas on Survey Methods for Monitoring of Ammonia Emission Coefficient in Livestock and Poultry Breeding[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(9): 1226-1232.

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