粪食性金龟功能群对草原牛粪分解过程中温室气体排放的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0290

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 粪食性金龟作为生态系统的工程师，在动物粪便分解和有机质转移中具有重要作用。通过在内蒙古典型草原区设立粪分解隔离实验，设置无粪金龟处理（T0）、泥蜉金龟（Aphodius sordecens）处理（T1）、小驼嗡蜣螂（Onthophagus gibbulus）处理（T2）、2种粪金龟组合处理（T3）和仅土壤对照处理（CK）5个处理，测定各处理牛粪分解过程中二氧化碳（CO₂）、甲烷（CH₄）和氧化亚氮（N₂O）排放通量后计算得到CO₂总量，并分析温室气体排放通量与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明，CK处理牛粪分解产生温室气体主要为CO₂（2 106 mg·m^-2·h^-1），而CH₄（2.769 mg·m^-2·h^-1）和N₂O（0.019 mg·m^-2·h^-1）较少。与T0处理相比，T1处理CO₂总量（2 657 mg·m^-2·h^-1）显著增加（P<0.05），而T2处理（2 422 mg·m^-2·h^-1）和T3处理（2 398 mg·m^-2·h^-1）CO₂总量无显著差异（P>0.05）。不同粪食性金龟功能群对温室气体排放的影响随粪便分解时间和环境条件而异，在新鲜粪便期，T2处理温室气体排放显著减少（P<0.05），而T1和T3处理变化不显著（P>0.05）；在粪便干燥期，粪金龟对温室气体排放影响不显著（P>0.05）。温室气体排放通量与土壤温度呈显著正相关（P<0.001），中等湿度条件下甲烷（P<0.001）和二氧化碳（P<0.01）通量较高。适当的温度和湿度条件会促进草原牛粪分解过程的温室气体排放，2种粪食性金龟均可在不同时期影响粪便分解过程中温室气体排放量。

关键词: 粪金龟, 功能型, 牛粪, 温室气体, 典型草原, 环境因子

Abstract: As an engineer in ecosystem, dung beetles play a vital role in decomposition and organic matter transfer of dung pats in pastoral systems. A dung pat decomposition experiment were conducted in the typical steppe area of Inner Mongolia by setting up isolated mesocosms containing dung pats only (control, T0), dung pats with a dweller dung beetle species Aphodius sordecens (T1), dung pats with a tunneller dung beetle speceis Onthophagus gibbulus (T2), dung pats with both beetle species (T3), and only soil treatment(CK). The fluxes of CH₄, CO₂, N₂O and totle(CO₂) were determined during decomposition of cow dung pats under these treatments, and the relationship of the GHG emission fluxes with environmental factors were analysed. The results show that the greenhouse gas produced by cattle dung pats was mainly CO₂(T0, CO₂ Flux=2 106 mg·m^-2·h^-1), while CH₄(T0, CH₄ Flux=2.769 mg·m^-2·h^-1) and N₂O(T0, N₂O Flux=0.019 mg·m^-2·h^-1) were less. The addition of A. sordecens[T1, Totle(CO₂) Flux=2 657 mg·m^-2·h^-1] significantly increased the CO₂ fluxes (P<0.05), while addition of O. gibbulus[T2, Totle(CO₂) Flux=2 422 mg·m^-2·h^-1] or the addition of both beetle species[T3, Totle(CO₂) Flux=2 398 mg·m^-2·h^-1] did not significantly alter the GHG fluxes (P>0.05). The two beetle species of different functional types showed different effects on GHG emissions in the process of dung pats decomposition, depending on the decomposition time and environmental conditions. The presence of O. gibbulus (T2) reduced GHG emissions (P<0.05), but not for the presence of A. sordecens (T1) or both species (P>0.05) during the fresh dung pat period; while none of beetles had an impact on GHG emissions (P>0.05) during the dry dung pat period. The total GHG influx was positively correlated with soil temperature (P<0.001), while the influxes of CH₄ and CO₂ was higher at a moderate soil moisture (P<0.01). The results of the study suggest that under proper temperature and moisture conditions the GHG emissions could be promoted, and both dung beetle species, regardless of their functional types, could have influence on GHG emissions from dung pats in different time.

Key words: dung beetle, functional type, cattle dung pats, greenhouse gas, typical steppe, environmental factor

中图分类号:

Q148
S812.2

王亚东, 王昊, 程建伟, 张俊珍, 王桠楠, 刘阳, 刘新民, 李永宏. 粪食性金龟功能群对草原牛粪分解过程中温室气体排放的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(1): 65-72.

WANG Ya-dong, WANG Hao, CHENG Jian-wei, ZHANG Jun-zhen, WANG Ya-nan, LIU Yang, LIU Xin-min, LI Yong-hong. Effects of Different Functional Groups of Dung Beetles on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Cattle Dung Pats on Steppe Grassland[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(1): 65-72.

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