潮汐流与曝气人工湿地对低污染水中氮去除的研究进展

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0933

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 962-971.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0933

潮汐流与曝气人工湿地对低污染水中氮去除的研究进展

李荣涛^1,2, 杨萍果¹, 李琳琳^2,3, 卢少勇², 杜志超^2,4, 孔维静²

1. 山西师范大学生命科学学院, 山西临汾 041000;
2. 中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护洞庭湖科学观测研究站/湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室/国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100012;
3. 北京师范大学水科学研究院, 北京 100875;
4. 辽宁工程技术大学土木工程学院, 辽宁沈阳 123000

收稿日期:2020-11-23 出版日期:2021-08-25 发布日期:2021-08-27
通讯作者: 杨萍果, 李琳琳 E-mail:lfypg@126.com;stulilinlin@163.com
作者简介:李荣涛(1996-),女,湖南永州人,主要从事湿地生态学研究。E-mail:2413899191@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划重点专项（2018YFE0112300）；国家自然科学基金（41877409）；国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2013ZX07101014-04）

Research Progress on Nitrogen Removal from Low Pollution Water by Different Types of Constructed Wetlands

LI Rong-tao^1,2, YANG Ping-guo¹, LI Lin-lin^2,3, LU Shao-yong², DU Zhi-chao^2,4, KONG Wei-jing²

1. College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, China;
2. State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Lake Dongting/National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;
3. College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
4. School of Civil Engineering, Liaoning Engineering Technology University, Shenyang 123000, China

Received:2020-11-23 Online:2021-08-25 Published:2021-08-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 低污染水具有来源广、水量大、水质波动性强、污染物浓度较低等特点。人工湿地是净化低污染水的有效方法。该文阐述了潮汐流和曝气人工湿地对低污染水脱氮的不同增氧机制，并分析它们对低污染水的脱氮效果和影响因素。结果表明：在潮汐流湿地中，适当的闲置和淹没反应时间可创造良好的好氧-厌氧条件，有利于TN去除；当运行周期不大于24 h，淹没排空时间比为0.25~4和0.5~7时，湿地对低污染水中NH₃-N和TN的去除效果最好。合理曝气可使人工湿地在低温（-5~10℃）保持较高去除率；曝气人工湿地净化低污染水的最佳气水比为6∶1，最佳曝气位置是湿地底部。此外，对比2种人工湿地脱氮效果可知，曝气人工湿地的NH₃-N和TN净化效果优于潮汐流人工湿地，对COD的净化效果弱于潮汐流人工湿地。2种人工湿地虽以不同增氧机制提高了脱氮效率，但潮汐流湿地仍存在低温期脱氮效果差和易堵塞的问题，而曝气湿地则存在耗能高且易产生有害物质的问题。

关键词: 潮汐流, 曝气, 人工湿地, 低污染水, 氮

Abstract: Low-pollution water has the characteristics of wide sources, large water volume, strong fluctuation of water quality and quantity, and relatively low concentration of pollutants. Constructed wetland is an effective measure to treat low-polluting water. In this paper, the oxygen increasing mechanisms of two typical oxygen-enhanced constructed wetlands, i.e. tidal flow constructed wetlands and aerated constructed wetlands, for nitrogen removal from low pollution water were described, and their denitrification effects and the influencing factors were analyzed. The results show that in the tidal flow constructed wetland, proper idle time and submerged reaction time can create good aerobic-anaerobic conditions, which is beneficial to the removal of TN; when the operating cycle to be less than 24h, and the submerged ~idle time ratio to be between 0.25-4 and 0.5-7, the wetland would have the best NH₃-N and TN removal effect in low-polluted water. Reasonable aeration can make the constructed wetland to maintain a high pollutant removal rate at low temperature (-5-10℃); for the treatment of low-polluted water by aeration constructed wetland, the best air-water ratio is 6:1, and the best aeration part is the bottom of the wetland. In addition, by comparing the denitrification effects of the two constructed wetlands, it shows that the treatment effect of aerated constructed wetlands on the removal of NH₃-N and TN was better than that of the tidal flow constructed wetlands, but the treatment effect of COD removal was weaker than that of tidal flow constructed wetlands. Finally, this article also points out the existing problems in the denitrification of low-polluted water in the two constructed wetlands. The results of this study could be used as a reference for similar further researches.

Key words: tidal flow, aerated, constructed wetland, low pollution water, nitrogen

中图分类号:

X131.2

李荣涛, 杨萍果, 李琳琳, 卢少勇, 杜志超, 孔维静. 潮汐流与曝气人工湿地对低污染水中氮去除的研究进展[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(8): 962-971.

LI Rong-tao, YANG Ping-guo, LI Lin-lin, LU Shao-yong, DU Zhi-chao, KONG Wei-jing. Research Progress on Nitrogen Removal from Low Pollution Water by Different Types of Constructed Wetlands[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(8): 962-971.

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潮汐流与曝气人工湿地对低污染水中氮去除的研究进展

Research Progress on Nitrogen Removal from Low Pollution Water by Different Types of Constructed Wetlands

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