不同浓度镍胁迫对小桐子光合特性、形态特征及水分利用的影响

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2015.05.024

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 767-773.doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2015.05.024

不同浓度镍胁迫对小桐子光合特性、形态特征及水分利用的影响

武振中,杨启良,贾维兵,王亓剑,赵馀,李云青

昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院

收稿日期:2015-04-21 修回日期:2015-06-06 出版日期:2015-09-25 发布日期:2015-09-30
通讯作者: 杨启良昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院 E-mail:1756220511@qq.com
作者简介:武振中（1989-），男，甘肃会宁人，硕士生，主要从事农业节水理论与新技术研究。E-mail:WZZwudibelong@126.com
基金资助:
云南省应用基础研究面上项目（2013FB024，2014FB130）；国家自然基金（51379004）

Effect of different concentration of nickel stress on photosynthetic properties, morphological characteristics and water use of Jatropha curcas L.

WU Zhen-Zhong,YANG Qi-liang,JIA Wei-bing,WANG Qi-jian,Zhao Yu,LI Yun-qing

College of agricultural engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology

Received:2015-04-21 Revised:2015-06-06 Online:2015-09-25 Published:2015-09-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

小桐子（Jatropha curcas）是生物质能源原料树种，被称为生物柴油树，具有较强的抗环境胁迫能力，可用于生态脆弱环境的植被恢复和污染土壤的植物修复，实现能源与环境双赢的目的。通过室内盆栽试验研究不同浓度镍（0、500和1 000 mg•kg^-1）对小桐子光合特性、形态特征及水分利用的影响，旨在探索小桐子适应镍污染土壤的生长调节和水分高效利用机制。结果表明，小桐子株高变化量、茎粗变化量、净光合速率（P_n）日变化、蒸腾速率（R_t）日变化、壮苗指数、胡伯尔值和灌溉水利用效率（E_i,w,u）均随镍浓度的增加而显著降低（P＜0.05），但叶片水分利用效率（E_w,u）和植株根区土壤含水率随镍浓度的升高而升高。与Ni0（对照）相比，Ni1处理对植株气孔导度（Gs）的影响不显著（P＞0.05），而Ni2处理植株G_s显著降低（P＜0.05）。由于镍显著降低小桐子的Rt，影响植株根系向冠层传输水分的能力及通过其边材横截面向叶片供水的能力，从而使得E_i,w,u显著降低，最终导致植株总干物质质量显著降低。但值得注意的是，小桐子通过提高叶片E_w,u来缓解因蒸腾作用显著降低而引发的植物水分胁迫，使其能够在重金属镍污染土壤中生长。在该试验条件下有利于小桐子生长的土壤最高镍污染浓度为500 mg•kg^-1。

关键词: 小桐子, 重金属, 镍, 土壤, 光合特性, 形态特征, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

Jatropha curcas L. is a kind of tree that can be used as raw material for production of bio-energy, and hence called bio-diesel tree. As it is also quite high in tolerance to environmental stresses, it can be used as pioneer plant in restoring vegetation in ecologically fragile environment and in phyto-remedying polluted soils as well, therefore, planting this kind of trees may achieve the win-win goal in both energy and environment. An indoor pot experiment was carried out to explore effects of concentration of heavy metal nickel (Ni) (0,500 and 1 000 mg kg^-1) on photosynthetic properties, morphological characteristics and water utilization of Jatropha curcas L. and mechanisms of the plant regulating its growth and utilizing efficiently soil water, while adapting to Ni-polluted soils. Results show that plant height growth rate, and breast-height diameter growth rate, diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate (P_n), diurnal variation of transpiration rate (R_t), robust seedling index, Huber value, and irrigation water utilization efficiency (W_i,u,e) were all decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while leaf water utilization efficiency (E_w,u) and soil moisture content in root-zone of the plant increased with increasing nickel concentration. Compared with CK(Ni0),Treatment Ni1 did not have much effect on stomatal conductance (Gs) of plants(P>0.05), but Treatment Ni2 did (P<0.05). As nickel contamination significantly reduced Rt of Jatropha curcas L., and affected the plant’s water transport capacity from roots to shoots and its capacity of water supply to leaves per cross-sectional area of sapwood, it significantly reduced E_i,w,u, of the plant and eventually total dry mass of the plant. However, it is worth noting that by increasing its E_i,_w,u of leaves to significantly mitigate the water stress caused by reduced transpiration rate, the tree is able to grow in Ni-polluted soils. In this experiment, the highest concentration of nickel in the soil still conducive to growth of Jatropha curcas L. was up to 500 mg kg^-1.

Key words: Jatropha curcas L., heavy metal, nickel, soil, photosynthetic properties, morphological characteristics, water utilization efficiency

武振中,杨启良,贾维兵,王亓剑,赵馀,李云青 . 不同浓度镍胁迫对小桐子光合特性、形态特征及水分利用的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2015, 31(5): 767-773.

WU Zhen-Zhong,YANG Qi-liang,JIA Wei-bing,WANG Qi-jian,Zhao Yu,LI Yun-qing. Effect of different concentration of nickel stress on photosynthetic properties, morphological characteristics and water use of Jatropha curcas L.[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2015, 31(5): 767-773.

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不同浓度镍胁迫对小桐子光合特性、形态特征及水分利用的影响

Effect of different concentration of nickel stress on photosynthetic properties, morphological characteristics and water use of Jatropha curcas L.

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