夏季东部海滨机场鸟类群落结构分析与鸟击防范对策

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0890

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 夏季是鸟类育雏、幼鸟学飞的重要繁衍阶段，夏季鸟类活动强度大，机场发生鸟击事件概率升高。于2019年6至8月对东部某海滨机场周围5 km范围内草地、海滩、林灌、湿地、农田和村落6种生境进行调查，系统分析了鸟类区系组成、群落组成和夜间活动等特点。结果表明，研究区共发现鸟类52种，分属9目24科，其中包括夜间鸟击风险较高的鸟类4种，分别为普通夜鹰（Caprimulgus indicus）、红角鸮（Otus scops）、纵纹腹小鸮（Athenenoctua）和长耳鸮（Asio otus）。机场受陆生鸟类和水鸟双重影响，鸟击风险重大的鸟类为家燕（Hirundo rustica）、树麻雀（Passer montanus）、红嘴鸥（Larus ridibundus）、家鸽（Columba domestica）和海鸥（Larus canus）。各生境中湿地生境鸟类多样性和均匀度指数均处于最高水平，分别为2.703 5和0.839 9。根据鸟类活动习性和生境分布情况对飞行安全的影响，从实施生态环境分类治理、加强鸟类精准防控等方面提出夏季鸟击防范的应对策略。

关键词: 海滨机场, 鸟类调查, 多样性, 鸟击防范, 湿地

Abstract: Airports usually have larger area of grassland with abundant vegetation which may provide suitable and ideal habitats for some birds. Summer is the best season for birds to breed and fledglings to leave out their nests. This will inevitably increase the probability of bird strike around airport and may cause loss of human lives and properties. It is essential to figure out the bird community structure and dynamics prior to taking active measures to prevent bird strike from happening. However, little is known about the bird community structure in Eastern Coastal Airports of China. To fill in this gap, we conducted a survey on avian composition in 6 habitats including grassland, beach, forest and scrubland, wetland, farmland and village in the range of 5 km of peripheral areas of a coastal airport in eastern China from June to August 2019. Both the faunal characteristics, community composition and nocturnal activity of birds were recorded. The risks of bird strike due to increased activity of birds around the airport were systematically analyzed and summarized. Totally 52 species of birds, belonging to 9 orders, 24 families were found in 8 line-transects. Among those species of birds, 10 were residents, 29 were summer residents, 13 were passing migrants that occupied 19.23%, 55.77% and 25.00% in the whole bird community around this airport, respectively. Natatores and waders accounted for 55.77% of the total bird species. The ranking of high-risk of bird strike is Hirundo rustica>Passer montanus>Larus ridibundus>Columba domestica>Larus canus. Wetland had the largest diversity index (2.703 5) and evenness index (0.839 9) which hosted 25 bird species accounting for 48.07% of the total bird species around the airport. There were also 4 nocturnal species of birds which might threaten flight safety. They are Caprimulgus indicus, Otus scops, Athene noctua and Asio otus. It is proposed to reduce and prevent bird strike from occurring by implementing classified ecological environment management, strengthening precise prevention, and control of birds with high-risk, such as, nocturnal bird species, around the airport area.

Key words: coastal airport, bird survey, diversity, bird strike prevention, wetland

中图分类号:

X171.1

刘振江, 范丽红, 闫拯. 夏季东部海滨机场鸟类群落结构分析与鸟击防范对策[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(11): 1430-1436.

LIU Zhen-jiang, FAN Li-hong, YAN Zheng. Analysis of Bird Community Structure and Birdstrike Prevention Measures in a Coastal Airport in Summer[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(11): 1430-1436.

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