奶牛场沼液施用对小麦及青贮玉米植株产量和品质的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0652

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明奶牛场沼液施用量对作物产量和品质的影响,以小麦-玉米轮作系统为研究对象,通过田间小区试验探讨了100%沼液氮替代(BS100)和150%沼液氮替代(BS150)对小麦及青贮玉米植株产量和品质指标的影响。结果表明,施用沼液2 a后青贮玉米植株产量显著增加(P<0.05),BS150处理的最高产量可达101.07 t·hm^-2,而小麦产量无显著变化。施用沼液显著增加了小麦籽粒中粗蛋白和粗淀粉的含量(P<0.05),w最高分别可分别达14.24%和78.40%。青贮玉米植株中粗蛋白含量显著增加(P<0.05),但粗纤维和粗脂肪含量变化不明显。施用沼液显著提高了小麦籽粒中微量元素Fe和Zn含量(P<0.05),最高分别可达22.09和20.53 mg·kg^-1,但青贮玉米植株中两者含量有所降低。施用沼液未增加作物中有害金属Cd含量,As含量小幅增加,但均未超过相关标准中污染物限量值。综上所述,施用沼液未降低小麦-玉米系统的作物产量,且明显提升了作物品质,也未增加作物中As和Cd积累的风险。

关键词: 奶牛场沼液, 小麦, 青贮玉米, 产量, 品质

Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of biogas slurry derived from cow dung on the yield and quality of wheat and silage maize, a field experiment was conducted in wheat and maize rotation system by different application rates. The effects of 100% biogas slurry nitrogen replacement (BS100) and 150% biogas slurry nitrogen replacement (BS150) on yield and quality indices of wheat and silage maize were studied by field plot experiment. The results show as follows:fresh weight of silage maize in all treatments increased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase of biogas slurry application after two years. The yield of silage maize in BS150 treatment reached 101.07 t·hm^-2. After two years of continuous application of biogas slurry, the contents of crude protein and crude starch in wheat grains were significantly (P<0.05) increased with the increase of biogas slurry application level. The crude protein and crude starch contents in wheat grains under BS150 treatment were 14.24% and 78.40%, respectively. The crude protein content of silage maize were significantly increased (P<0.05) with the increase of biogas slurry application level. The crude fiber and crude fat contents of silage maize had no obvious change. The contents of Fe and Zn in wheat grains were significantly (P<0.05) increased. The highest Fe content and Zn content of wheat grains under BS150 treated were 22.09 and 20.53 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The Fe content and Zn content of silage maize were decreased. Biogas slurry application did not increase the content of harmful metal Cd in crops, though it slightly increased the content of As in crops. The Cd and As content in crops did not exceed the limit value of pollutants in relevant standards. In conclusion, biogas slurry application did not reduce crop yield in wheat-maize system, and significantly improved crop quality, and did not increase the risk of accumulation of As or Cd in crops.

Key words: biogas slurry derived from cow dung, wheat, silage maize, yield, quality

中图分类号:

X713

杨月, 宫少硕, 靳红梅, 余翔. 奶牛场沼液施用对小麦及青贮玉米植株产量和品质的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(2): 264-272.

YANG Yue, GONG Shao-shuo, JIN Hong-mei, YU Xiang. Effects of Biogas Slurry Derived from Cow Dung on the Yield and Quality of Wheat and Silage Maize[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(2): 264-272.

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