淮河干流沉积物中重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.10.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨淮河干流沉积物中重金属的污染现状，在淮河干流典型河段设置12个采样断面，在每个采样断面设置3~5个采样点，采集表层沉积物样品，测定样品中酸可挥发性硫化物（AVS）、同步萃取金属（SEM）、总有机碳（TOC）、粒度分布和重金属（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn）总量，并应用平衡分配模型（EqP Model）和潜在生态危害指数法对淮河干流断面沉积物中重金属进行评价。潜在生态危害指数评价结果显示，各个采样断面中Cd均达到重度危害程度，As、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn属于轻微生态危害程度，单项重金属潜在生态风险程度从大到小依次为Cd、As、Cu、Pb、Cr和Zn。EqP Model评价显示临淮关、凤台大桥、阜南王家坝、鲁台子、小柳巷和盱眙水文站断面的重金属无潜在生物毒性，而淮滨谷堆、老坝头、淮南大涧沟、马头城、蚌埠闸上和蚌埠吴家渡则有潜在生物毒性。综上所述，淮河干流存在不同程度的重金属污染，应引起有关部门的重视。

关键词: 淮河干流, 重金属, 酸可挥发性硫化物, 同步萃取金属, 平衡分配模型

Abstract: To investigate status quo of heavy metal pollution of the sediments in the main stream of Huaihe River, a total of 12 sampling sections were set up along the section typical of the main-stream of Huaihe River, and 3-5 sampling points in each sampling section. Samples of surface sediments were collected at each sampling point for analysis of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), simultaneously extracted metals (SEM), total organic carbon (TOC), particle size distribution and total heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn). And then ecological risk assessment of the heavy metals in the sediments was performed with the equilibrium partitioning model (EqP Model) and the potential ecological hazard index method. Results show that Cd in all the sampling sections reached the severe hazard level, while As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were at the mild ecological hazard level. In terms of potential ecological risk of a single element, the heavy metals follow an order of Cd > As > Cu > Pb > Cr > Zn. Analysis with the EqP Model shows that in the sections of Linhuaiguan, Fengtaidaqiao, Funanwangjiaba, Lutaizi, Xiaoliuxiang and Xuyishuiwenzhan, heavy metal pollution of the sediments has not yet reached the level of potential biological toxicity while in the sections of Huaibingudui, Laobatou, Huainandajiangou, Matoucheng, Bengbuzhashang and Bengbuwujiadu. To sum up, heavy metal pollution varies in level from section to section along the river, which should arouse enough attention from related government departments.

Key words: Huaihe River mainstream, heavy metal, acid-volatile sulfide, simultaneously extracted metal, equilibrium partitioning model

中图分类号:

X522

郑中华, 刘凯传, 张萍, 李晓晨. 淮河干流沉积物中重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(10): 935-942.

ZHENG Zhong-hua, LIU Kai-chuan, ZHANG Ping, LI Xiao-chen. Heavy Metal Pollution of the Sediment in the Mainstream of Huaihe River and Assessment of Its Potential Ecological Risk[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2017, 33(10): 935-942.

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