黔西南三叠统渗育型水稻土重金属污染特征及生态风险评价

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0453

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选择黔西南水稻种植区为研究区，共布设111个点，采集土壤样品并对其Cd、Hg、As、Pb和Cr这5种重金属含量及pH值进行分析。基于多元统计分析和污染风险评价等方法，揭示研究区水稻土重金属污染的主要来源及其潜在风险。结果表明：（1）水稻土重金属平均含量从大到小依次为w（Cr）（201.68 mg·kg^-1） > w（Pb）（38.25 mg·kg^-1） > w（As）（30.70 mg·kg^-1） > w（Cd）（0.68 mg·kg^-1） > w（Hg）（0.22 mg·kg^-1）。与GB 15618-2018《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》中规定的风险筛选值相比，Cd和As含量高于相应的限定值（0.60和25.00 mg·kg^-1），Hg、Pb和Cr含量均低于筛选值，说明研究区水稻土主要存在Cd和As污染风险。（2）水稻土重金属来源分析结果表明，土壤中Cd与Pb以及Hg与As呈显著正相关关系，具有相同的来源，主要与当地燃煤、汽车尾气和金矿冶炼等污染点源排放有关。（3）单因子污染指数分析结果显示，水稻土重金属污染程度从大到小依次为Cd > As > Cr > Hg > Pb，研究区内39.64%点位的内梅罗综合污染指数超过1。（4）潜在生态风险指数（RI）分析发现，5种重金属的潜在生态风险指数为63.78，小于轻微的生态危害下限，表明研究区水稻土潜在生态危害较轻。

关键词: 重金属, 水稻土, 污染特征, 内梅罗综合污染指数, 潜在生态危害指数

Abstract: To investigate the pollution status and spatial distribution of heavy metals in paddy soil of the southwest Guizhou Province, the arable layer of paddy soil samples were collected and the concentrations of Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr and soil pH were measured and analyzed by multivariate statistical techniques. The variety of spatial distribution for 5 heavy metals were studied using geographic information system (GIS). Single factor pollution index, Nemero comprehensive pollution index and potential ecological risk index were applied to evaluate the heavy metal contamination degree. The results show that the mean concentrations of heavy metals in the surface of paddy soil were in the order of w(Cr)(201.68 mg·kg^-1) > w(Pb)(38.25 mg·kg^-1) > w(As)(30.70 mg·kg^-1) > w(Cd)(0.68 mg·kg^-1) > w(Hg)(0.22 mg ·kg^-1). The contents of Cd and As in some soil samples were higher than risk screening values for soil contamination of agricultural land in the Soil Environmental Quality Standard (GB 15618-2018), whereas the Hg, Pb and Cr contents were lower than the screening values. Anthropogenic influence caused an enrichment of Cd and As in paddy soils. The accumulation of Cd, Hg, As and Cr in soil was mostly affected by gold smelting, coal combustion and agricultural strategies, and the main sources of Pb were exhaust emission. Current study confirm that heavy metal pollution and industrial activities in smelters posed a serious threat to environmental quality. According to the single-factor pollution index, the pollution degree was in the order of Cd > As > Cr > Hg > Pb, and the Nmeiro comprehensive pollution index showed 39.64% points in the study area exceed 1. As for the ecological risk assessment, the risk index (RI) value of the 5 kinds of heavy metals was 63.78, which was lower than the lowest value of RI (150), and indicated the degree of ecological risk belonged to slight scale.

Key words: heavy metal, paddy soil, pollution characteristics, Nemerow index method, potential ecological risk index method

中图分类号:

黄安林, 傅国华, 秦松, 范成五, 刘桂华. 黔西南三叠统渗育型水稻土重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(2): 193-201.

HUANG An-lin, FU Guo-hua, QIN Song, FAN Cheng-wu, LIU Gui-hua. Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution of Triassic osmotic Paddy Soil in the Southwest of Guizhou Province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(2): 193-201.

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